Algebra 9 min read

What Is a Matrix in Math? Linear Algebra Basics Guide

Introduction to mathematical matrices. Understand matrix dimensions (m × n), rows, columns, square matrices, identity matrices, and determinants.

Table of Contents

What Is a Matrix?

A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions arranged in rows (horizontal) and columns (vertical).

Dimensions & Types

  • Dimensions: Written as m × n (rows × columns).
  • Square Matrix: Equal number of rows and columns (e.g. 3 × 3).
  • Identity Matrix (I): Main diagonal is 1s, all other entries are 0.
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Reviewed by Applied Math Specialists • Editorial Policy
Updated: August 11, 2026

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